ABSTRACT
Progress towards rubella elimination has accelerated since 2012, and, in 2020, rubella elimination had been verified in approximately one half the countries of the world. Progress is reflected in increased numbers of countries introducing RCV into national childhood immunization schedules and the coverage achieved. Between 2012 and 2020, the number of countries that introduced RCV increased from 132 to 173, and global coverage increased from 40% to 70%. Although the availability of vaccine increased and more LICs and LMICs have introduced RCV, estimates of coverage continue to reflect barriers to access in lower-income countries. Nevertheless, coverage decreased by only 1 percentage point between 2019 and 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Progress is also reflected in the decrease in the number of reported cases, including a 48% decrease during 2012- 2019 and a further decrease in 2020.
ABSTRACT
In recent weeks, many Ukrainian refugees have crossed into Hungary, Poland, Moldova, and Romania. The WHO works with these and other nations to increase disease surveillance and provide immunization programs according to their schedules and policies. This article provides a summary of the recommendations provided by WHO to all countries in the region. According to the guidelines, countries must continue to make efforts to ensure that their resident populations, including refugee populations, are fully vaccinated against polio, measles, rubella, COVID-19, and other vaccine-preventable diseases. Vaccination against polio, measles, and rubella must be offered as a priority to incoming refugee children under the age of six who have missed any routine vaccinations Vaccine doses must be recorded and made available to vaccinated individuals.
ABSTRACT
This report, which updates previous reports, presents estimates of global, regional, and national vaccination coverage and trends as of 2020. It describes the changes in vaccination coverage and the numbers of unvaccinated and undervaccinated children as measured by receipt of the first and third doses of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis-containing vaccine (DTP)in 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic began, compared with 2019. Global coverage estimates with the third dose of DTP (DTP3) and a polio vaccine (Pol3) fell from 86% in 2019 to 83% in 2020. Similarly, MCV1 coverage fell from 86% in 2019 to 84% in 2020. The last year the coverage estimates were at 2020 levels was 2009 for DTP3 and 2014 for both MCV1 and the third dose of Pol (Pol3). Worldwide, 22.7 million children(17% of the target population) did not receive DTP in 2020, compared with 19.0 million (14%) in 2019. Children who did not receive the first DTP dose (DTP1) by age 12 months (zero-dose children) accounted for 95%of the increased number. Among those who did not receive DTP3 in 2020, approximately 17.1 million (75%)were zero-dose children. Global coverage decreased in 2020 compared with 2019 estimates for the completion of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), hepatitis B vaccine (HepB), human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV),and rubella-containing vaccine (RCV). To reach full coverage with all recommended vaccines, tailored strategies will be needed, especially to reach communities with a lot of children who haven't had any or enough vaccines.
ABSTRACT
This article provides a brief overview of the 31st meeting of the International TaskForce for Disease Eradication (ITFDE) that was convened at The Carter Center in Atlanta, GA, USA on 20-21 October 2020 to discuss "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eradication and elimination programmes and the way forward." It highlights the results of 7 eradication programmes, with specific conclusions and recommendations for each: Guinea Worm Eradication Programme(dracunculiasis;GWEP);Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI);elimination programmes for measles and rubella (MR), malaria, river blindness (onchocerciasis;RB), and lymphatic filariasis (LF);and the program for the Global Elimination of Trachoma.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Indonesia reported the first case of COVID-19, the coverage of routine immunization to prevent diseases in children such as measles, rubella, and diphtheria is decreasing. For example, diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT3) and measles and rubella (MR1) immunization coverage rates were reduced by more than 35% in May 2020 compared to the same time period in the previous year.
ABSTRACT
In October 2021 (from 00: 00, 1 October to 24: 00, 31 October), a total of 523 006 cases of notifiable communicable diseases, including 2 040 deaths, were reported in China (except Hong Kong, Macao Special Administrative Regions and Taiwan Province, the same below). In communicable diseases in class A, 2 cases of cholera were reported without death. In communicable diseases in class B, no cases and no deaths of severe acute respiratory syndrome, poliomyelitis, human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, diphtheria and human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus were reported. For the remaining 22 communicable diseases in class B, 249 605 cases were reported, a decrease of 8% compared with last month (272 332 cases) and a decrease of 3% compared with the same period in 2020 (258 591 cases). The first 5 diseases in terms of reported case number were viral hepatitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, syphilis, gonorrhea and AIDS, accounting for 95% of the total reported cases in class B. A total of 2 039 deaths were reported, a decrease of 6% (133 deaths) compared with last month (2 172 deaths) and an increase of 17% compared with the same period in 2020 (1 737 deaths). According to the website of the National Health Commission of China, a total of 1 081 confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported, without death, by 31 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from 00: 00, 1 October to 24: 00, 31 October, 2021. In class C communicable diseases, a total of 273 399 cases were reported, an increase of 20% compared with last month (228 597 cases) and a decrease of 13% compared with the same period in 2020 (315 366 cases). The first 3 diseases in terms of reported case number were hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD), other infectious diarrhea and influenza, accounting for 95% of the total reported cases in class C. Compared with last month, except filariasis which had no incidences in both months, the diseases with reported cases increases were HFMD (45 435 cases, 52%), influenza (17 811 cases, 50%) and rubella (11 cases, 12%), but the reported cases of other diseases all decreased, the diseases with obvious case decreases were other infectious diarrhea (16 519 cases, 18%), mumps (1 490 cases, 12%) and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (327 cases, 14%). Compared with the same period in 2020, except filariasis which had no incidences in both years, the diseases with reported case increases were influenza (33 177 cases, 164%), typhus fever (15 cases, 9%), rubella (8 cases, 9%) and leprosy (3 cases, 17%), but the diseases with reported case decreases were HFMD (65 002 cases, 33%), other infectious diarrhea (4 111 cases, 5%) and mumps (1 574 cases, 12%). One death caused by class C communicable diseases was reported, an increase of 1 death compared with last month and a decrease of 1 death compared with the same period in 2020 (2 deaths).